Arduino UNO Pins and Board components detail
The Arduino Uno board is an electronic experimental board. Atmega328P is the heart of the Arduino board. This is an open-source platform for creating electronics projects.
I will explain the description of the Arduino UNO Pins and the board in the post. Arduino Uno is a standard board of the company, even though other boards, e.g. micro, Nano, mega, Leonardo, 101. Due and Yen. Arduino also manufactured IoT (internet of things), Bluetooth, GSM/3G, Wi-Fi, and motion sensor boards. FIG-A
Arduino Uno board
The Atmega328P Microcontroller is 8bit with 32k byte internal flash memory. To program the main chip, a 16 MHz crystal is part of the board. The Arduino board requires only 5V DC to operate.
Arduino Uno pinout detail
Arduino UNO board has 5 analog and 14 digital (PWM) pins. These pins could be GPIO or used for specific signals.
Vin Pin
We use Vin pin for 7-12 VDC, applied to the board as an external power source. We can use a 9V battery cell for the input supply voltage.
Analog Input Pins
From A0 to A5, Analog input Pins are used for Sensors modules, as well as analog output. It contains 06 ADC (analog-to-digital converter) with a 10-bit resolution. These Arduino pins have the functionality of general-purpose digital in/out pins.
SDA/SCL
SDA/SCL are data and clock pins. We use it for I²C (inter integrated-circuit) / TWI (two-wire interface) communication. A Wire library is available to communicate with different devices with the Arduino board. Serial-UART (SPI Communication)
Pin 0 is used as RX and 1 TX (in fig-A as D0&D1) is used for TTL Serial Communication. RX is to receive data, and TX is to transmit the data.
SPI Communication pins
10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication.
Interrupt
Pins 2 & 3 can use as INT0 & INT1, we can configure them to act as external interrupts for a function written in the program.
PWM
Pin # 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 used for PWM function (Pulse Width Modulation). Analogwrite function () is very effective to operate the DC motors and varying led light in many electronic projects.
AREF Pin
We use an analog reference pin for the analogreference function. AREF is used to set external analog input voltage. We cannot use less than o and over 5 volts for the AREF Pin.
Arduino Uno Pins (GPIO)
We use 14 digital pins as input or output. From 0 to 13 used as general-purpose digital in/out has internal pull-up resistors that can be high/low to ON/OFF maximum current per pin 40 mA.
As shown in fig A from D0 to D13 pins. A built-in led function through pin 14 (D13).
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
We use digital out as High or Low even with PWM outputs function. We can use these pins. As analog out/we can control the motor at different speeds. Digital write () function used for high/low pins.
USB Communication Interface
For USB/Serial communication, we use mostly two chips, CH341A or Atmega16U.
CH341A
CH341a has used a USB interface chip for UART communication. It is a standard parallel port, memory parallel port, and synchronous serial (I2C, SPI Communication). We use the CH341A chip in many cheap programmers.
Atmega16U
We use atmega16u Microcontroller for the USB serial communication interface. To program the Microcontroller, an ICSP pin header is available on the board.
LM358
LM358 is a dual-channel op-amp IC. The Arduino used it for an auto-voltage selection circuit, but in reality, it operates as an auto voltage cut-off circuit.
LM1117
It is a series of chips that set the output voltage from 1.25V to 13.8V with only two external resistors.
DC Power Port
We use this DC power port for the DC input voltage. The board is using a power supply voltage of 5-20Vdc.
USB Type B port
The USB port is used to program the chip and also for the power source. We use the port for a USB connection to the computer. USB cable is used to connect the board and PC.
Reset Button
If you push the Reset button, it will restart the codes even there is a malfunction happens, just press this button, and it will restart the program.
3.3V/5V/GND
The red color pin we used for the power source. We can use a 3.3V/5V power supply voltage for our projects, but it could not exceed 50 mA. GND for ground pins.
Arduino uno schematic
To find the Arduino Uno circuit, a more detailed schematic diagram could be helpful.
Arduino Uno board comparison to other Boards
Arduino boards have come with many types of versions, as per pins, size, and
function, I will explain mostly the comparison of the Arduino UNO board.
Arduino UNO R3Digital IO pins 14 (including 6 pins PWM),
Analog pins 6,
Microcontroller Atmega328P,
USB to serial communication ATMEGA 8U2 Microcontroller.
Arduino Duemilanove
Duemilanove is an Italian word, meaning the year of manufacture, 2009.
Digital IO pins 14 (6 pins PWM)
ATMEGA 168 Microcontroller.
16kb flash memory, although Uno has 32kb flash memory
FTDI USB serial communication chip.
Arduino Diecimila
After completion of the 10,000 board, it introduced the Diecimila name.
Flash memory 16kb
FTDI chip for the USB port.
Digital IO pins 14
Arduino BT (Bluetooth)
Supplied with ATMEGA 168 SMD type in the start but now comes with Atmega 328, added Bluegiga TTI module.
Arduino Mega
ATMEGA 1280 Microcontroller.
FTDI chip for USB to serial communication.
54 digital IO pins,
15 pins for the PWM function.
Arduino Lilypad
Using the ATMEGA 32U4 Microcontroller,
The small size of 9 digital IO pins (4pins used as an analog pin and 4 for PWM). Micro USB port used for communication.
Arduino Nano
ATMEGA 328 SMD micro-controller
Nano used a mini-B USB port for programming and the power supply voltage. Small size but same 14 digital IO pins,
6 Pins for the PWM function, 8 Pins for analog pins.
Arduino mini
Mini is smaller than Nano.
Atmega 168 (in start), but now uses the Atmega 328 Microcontroller,
14 digital IO pins, including 06 analog pins.
Conclusion
Arduino Uno Pins vary in many Arduino boards, but the main pin's function is similar. We have just simplified it in a concise description.
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